This paper is focused on different use cases of fiber optic sensor deployments in harsh environments for environmental, hydrogeological, and chemical sensing applications. One of the applications is distributed monitoring of soil and groundwater during in-situ thermal remediation of. This Special Issue invites manuscripts that introduce recent advances in “Advanced Optical Fiber Sensors for Harsh Environment Applications”. All theoretical, numerical, and experimental papers are welcome. Topics can include, but are not limited to, the following: Dynamic and static fiber-optic. Fiber Optic Bragg Grating Sensors for High Temperature Applications Why Optics? Why Fiber Optics? Why Optical? Why Fiber Optics? The cladding, core, and buffer coating each have different thermal expansion coefficients. Post-coating thermal processing – vertical furnace with 1200°C max temperature. 50' silica multimode fiber (105 mm), Thorlabs low-OH content silica. Fusion spliced to 1 m. We describe an innovative and scalable strategy of transforming a commercial unclad sapphire optical fiber to an allalumina nanostructured sapphire optical fiber (NSOF) that overcomes decades-long challenges faced in the field of sapphire fiber optics.